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Question 8-1 : A pilot is performing visual patterns at a controlled aerodrome when he/she notices that the radio is unserviceable the aircraft forms part of the aerodrome traffic which option correctly lists all the actions given below that the pilot must take 1 if a series of red flashes is observed divert as ? [ Question security ]

1 2 and 3

Refer to figure .icao annex 2.appendix 1 4 signals for aerodrome traffic4 1 light and pyrotechnic signalsfrom aerodrome control to aircraft in flightsteady green cleared to landsteady red give way to other aircraft and continue circlingseries of green flashes return for landing*series of red flashes aerodrome unsafe do not landseries of white flashes land at this aerodrome and proceed to apron*red pyrotechnic notwithstanding any previous instructions do not land for the time being* clearances to land and to taxi will be given in due course exemple 108 1, 2, and 3.

Question 8-2 : Except when necessary for take off or landing a vfr flight shall not be flown over the congested areas of cities towns settlements or over an open air assembly of persons at a height less than 1 ft above the highest obstacle within a radius of 600 m from the aircraft what is the correct value for 1 ?

1000 ft

Icao annex 2.chapter 4 visual flight rules4 6 except when necessary for take off or landing or except by permission from the appropriate authority a vfr flight shall not be flown a over the congested areas of cities towns or settlements or over an open air assembly of persons at a height less than 300 m 1000 ft above the highest obstacle within a radius of 600 m from the aircraft .b elsewhere than as specified in 4 6 a at a height less than 150 m 500 ft above the ground or water exemple 112 1000 ft

Question 8-3 : What is the minimum flight altitude for an ifr flight over mountainous area ?

A level that is at least 600 m 2000 ft above the highest obstacle located within 8 km of the aircraft`s estimated position

Icao annex 2.chapter 5 instrument flight rules5 1 2 minimum levels except when necessary for take off or landing or except when specifically authorized by the appropriate authority an ifr flight shall be flown at a level which is not below the minimum flight altitude established by the state whose territory is overflown or where no such minimum flight altitude has been established a over high terrain or in mountainous areas at a level which is at least 600 m 2000 ft above the highest obstacle located within 8 km of the estimated position of the aircraft .b elsewhere than as specified in a at a level which is at least 300 m 1000 ft above the highest obstacle located within 8 km of the estimated position of the aircraft exemple 116 A level that is at least 600 m (2000 ft) above the highest obstacle located within 8 km of the aircraft`s estimated position.

Question 8-4 : Except for a take off or landing an ifr flight has to be flown at a level which is not below the minimum flight altitude established by the state overflown if no such minimum flight altitude has been established what is the minimum altitude of an aircraft above the highest obstacle over high ?

At least 2000 ft above the highest obstacle located within 8 km of the estimated position of the aircraft

Icao annex 2.chapter 5 instrument flight rules5 1 2 minimum levels except when necessary for take off or landing or except when specifically authorized by the appropriate authority an ifr flight shall be flown at a level which is not below the minimum flight altitude established by the state whose territory is overflown or where no such minimum flight altitude has been established a over high terrain or in mountainous areas at a level which is at least 600 m 2000 ft above the highest obstacle located within 8 km of the estimated position of the aircraft .b elsewhere than as specified in a at a level which is at least 300 m 1000 ft above the highest obstacle located within 8 km of the estimated position of the aircraft exemple 120 At least 2000 ft above the highest obstacle located within 8 km of the estimated position of the aircraft.

Question 8-5 : The vertical separation minimum between opposite direction aircraft flying under ifr below flight level 290 is ?

1000 feet 300 m

Icao doc 4444.5 3 vertical separation5 3 1 vertical separation applicationvertical separation is obtained by requiring aircraft using prescribed altimeter setting procedures to operate at different levels expressed in terms of flight levels or altitudes in accordance with the provisions in chapter 4 section 4 10 5 3 2 vertical separation minimum.the vertical separation minimum vsm shall be a a nominal 300 m 1000 ft below fl290 and a nominal 600 m 2000 ft at or above this level except as provided for in b below andb within designated airspace subject to a regional air navigation agreement a nominal 300 m 1000 ft below fl410 or a higher level where so prescribed for use under specified conditions and a nominal 600 m 2000 ft at or above this level note — guidance material relating to vertical separation is contained in the manual on a 300 m 1000 ft vertical separation minimum between fl290 and fl410 inclusive doc 9574 exemple 124 1000 feet (300 m).

Question 8-6 : Instrument flight rules – minimum level – over high terrain or mountainous areas where no minimum flight altitude has been established flights under ifr shall be flown at a level which is at least… ?

2000 ft above the highest obstacle located within 8 km of the estimated position of the aircraft

Icao annex 2.chapter 5 instrument flight rules5 1 2 minimum levels except when necessary for take off or landing or except when specifically authorized by the appropriate authority an ifr flight shall be flown at a level which is not below the minimum flight altitude established by the state whose territory is overflown or where no such minimum flight altitude has been established a over high terrain or in mountainous areas at a level which is at least 600 m 2000 ft above the highest obstacle located within 8 km of the estimated position of the aircraft .b elsewhere than as specified in a at a level which is at least 300 m 1000 ft above the highest obstacle located within 8 km of the estimated position of the aircraft exemple 128 2000 ft above the highest obstacle located within 8 km of the estimated position of the aircraft.

Question 8-7 : According to icao annex 2 what is the navigation equipment required for an ifr flight ?

It must be suitable and appropriate for the route to be flown

Icao annex 2 . .chapter 5 instrument flight rules . .5 1 rules applicable to all ifr flights . .5 1 1 aircraft equipment.aircraft shall be equipped with suitable instruments and with navigation equipment appropriate to the route to be flown ..the minimum equipment required for an ifr flight according to easa air ops is one vor receiving system one adf except that an adf system need not be installed provided that the use of adf is not required in any phase of the planned flight and one dme according to icao annex 2 the equipment required for an ifr flight must be suitable and appropriate for the route to be flown so we could summarize that the minimum equipment required is one vor receiving system one adf and one dme but extra equipment might be required depending on the specific route to be flown exemple 132 It must be suitable and appropriate for the route to be flown.

Question 8-8 : An aircraft is operating under ifr outside of controlled airspace it is in the cruise phase of the flight and shall be flown at… ?

A cruising level appropriate to its track

Icao annex 2.5 3 rules applicable to ifr flights outside controlled airspace.5 3 1 cruising levelsan ifr flight operating in level cruising flight outside of controlled airspace shall be flown at a cruising level appropriate to its track as specified in a the tables of cruising levels in appendix 3 except when otherwise specified by the appropriate ats authority for flight at or below 900 m 3000 ft above mean sea level or.b a modified table of cruising levels when so prescribed in accordance with appendix 3 for flight above fl410 exemple 136 A cruising level appropriate to its track.

Question 8-9 : An aircraft is operating under ifr outside of controlled airspace it is in the cruise phase of the flight and shall be flown at a cruising level appropriate to its… ?

Magnetic track

Icao annex 2.5 3 rules applicable to ifr flights outside controlled airspace.5 3 1 cruising levelsan ifr flight operating in level cruising flight outside of controlled airspace shall be flown at a cruising level appropriate to its track as specified in a the tables of cruising levels in appendix 3 except when otherwise specified by the appropriate ats authority for flight at or below 900 m 3000 ft above mean sea level or.b a modified table of cruising levels when so prescribed in accordance with appendix 3 for flight above fl410 semi circular rule the default worldwide semi circular rule is the east/west orientation of the flight level parity cruising levels are based on magnetic track your aircraft has track between 0° and 179° => your flight level or altitude must be odd fl50 fl70 etc your aircraft has track between 180° and 359° => your flight level or altitude must be even fl40 fl60 etc exemple 140 Magnetic track.

Question 8-10 : Minimum level for flights under ifr – when not flying over high terrain or mountainous areas and where no minimum flight altitude has been established flights under ifr shall be flown at a level that is at least… ?

1000 ft above the highest obstacle located within 8 km of the estimated position of the aircraft

Icao annex 2.chapter 5 instrument flight rules5 1 2 minimum levels except when necessary for take off or landing or except when specifically authorized by the appropriate authority an ifr flight shall be flown at a level which is not below the minimum flight altitude established by the state whose territory is overflown or where no such minimum flight altitude has been established a over high terrain or in mountainous areas at a level which is at least 600 m 2000 ft above the highest obstacle located within 8 km of the estimated position of the aircraft .b elsewhere than as specified in a at a level which is at least 300 m 1000 ft above the highest obstacle located within 8 km of the estimated position of the aircraft exemple 144 1000 ft above the highest obstacle located within 8 km of the estimated position of the aircraft.

Question 8-11 : If radio contact with the intercepting aircraft is established but communication in a common language is not possible which phrase should be pronounced by the intercepted aircraft to communicate that the position is unknown ?

Am lost am lost

Refer to figure .icao annex 2.appendix 2 interception of civil aircraft.3 radiocommunication during interception.if radio contact is established during interception but communication in a common language is not possible attempts shall be made to convey instructions acknowledgement of instructions and essential information by using the phrases and pronunciations in table a2 1 and transmitting each phrase twice refer to attached figure .. phrases for use by intercepted aircraft 'am lost' = 'position unknown' exemple 148 Am lost (am lost)

Question 8-12 : An intercepted aircraft with an ssr transponder shall immediately squawk… ?

7700 and select mode a

Icao annex 2.appendix 2 interception of civil aircraft.2 action by intercepted aircraft.2 1 an aircraft which is intercepted by another aircraft shall immediately .a follow the instructions given by the intercepting aircraft interpreting and responding to visual signals in accordance with the specifications in appendix 1 .b notify if possible the appropriate air traffic services unit .c attempt to establish radiocommunication with the intercepting aircraft or with the appropriate intercept control unit by making a general call on the emergency frequency 121 5 mhz giving the identity of the intercepted aircraft and the nature of the flight and if no contact has been established and if practicable repeating this call on the emergency frequency 243 mhz .d if equipped with ssr transponder select mode a code 7700 unless otherwise instructed by the appropriate air traffic services unit .e if equipped with ads b or ads c select the appropriate emergency functionality if available unless otherwise instructed by the appropriate air traffic services unit exemple 152 7700 and select mode a.

Question 8-13 : According to icao annex 2 which phrase would be used by an intercepting aircraft for the meaning 'what is your call sign' ?

Call sign

Refer to figure .icao annex 2.appendix 2 interception of civil aircraft.3 radiocommunication during interception.if radio contact is established during interception but communication in a common language is not possible attempts shall be made to convey instructions acknowledgement of instructions and essential information by using the phrases and pronunciations in table a2 1 and transmitting each phrase twice refer to attached figure .. phrases for use by intercepting aircraft 'call sign' = 'what is your call sign ' exemple 156 Call sign

Question 8-14 : According to icao annex 2 which phrase would be used by an intercepting aircraft for the meaning 'land at this aerodrome' ?

You land

Refer to figure .icao annex 2.appendix 2 interception of civil aircraft.3 radiocommunication during interception.if radio contact is established during interception but communication in a common language is not possible attempts shall be made to convey instructions acknowledgement of instructions and essential information by using the phrases and pronunciations in table a2 1 and transmitting each phrase twice refer to attached figure .. phrases for use by intercepting aircraft 'you land' = 'land at this aerodrome' exemple 160 You land

Question 8-15 : According to icao annex 2 which phrase would be used by an intercepted aircraft for the meaning 'position unknown' ?

Am lost

Refer to figure .icao annex 2.appendix 2 interception of civil aircraft.3 radiocommunication during interception.if radio contact is established during interception but communication in a common language is not possible attempts shall be made to convey instructions acknowledgement of instructions and essential information by using the phrases and pronunciations in table a2 1 and transmitting each phrase twice refer to attached figure .. phrases for use by intercepted aircraft am lost = position unknown exemple 164 Am lost

Question 8-16 : Unless otherwise instructed by the appropriate ats unit an aircraft intercepted by another aircraft shall immediately select its transponder to mode a code ?

7700

Icao annex 2.appendix 2 interception of civil aircraft.2 action by intercepted aircraft.2 1 an aircraft which is intercepted by another aircraft shall immediately .a follow the instructions given by the intercepting aircraft interpreting and responding to visual signals in accordance with the specifications in appendix 1 .b notify if possible the appropriate air traffic services unit .c attempt to establish radiocommunication with the intercepting aircraft or with the appropriate intercept control unit by making a general call on the emergency frequency 121 5 mhz giving the identity of the intercepted aircraft and the nature of the flight and if no contact has been established and if practicable repeating this call on the emergency frequency 243 mhz .d if equipped with ssr transponder select mode a code 7700 unless otherwise instructed by the appropriate air traffic services unit .e if equipped with ads b or ads c select the appropriate emergency functionality if available unless otherwise instructed by the appropriate air traffic services unit exemple 168 7700.

Question 8-17 : Interception of civil aircraft – the standard phrase used by an intercepting aircraft conveying the meaning 'descend for landing' is… ?

Descend

Refer to figure .icao annex 2.appendix 2 interception of civil aircraft.3 radiocommunication during interception.if radio contact is established during interception but communication in a common language is not possible attempts shall be made to convey instructions acknowledgement of instructions and essential information by using the phrases and pronunciations in table a2 1 and transmitting each phrase twice .. phrases for use by intercepting aircraft 'descend = 'descend for landing' exemple 172 Descend.

Question 8-18 : While flying you have an emergency – which of the following ssr transponder modes and codes shall you select ?

Mode a and code 7700

Icao annex 17.2 1 4 mode a reply codes . code 7700 to provide recognition of an aircraft in an emergency . code 7500 to provide recognition of an aircraft which is being subjected to unlawful interference . appropriate provisions shall be made in ground decoding equipment to ensure immediate recognition of mode a codes 7500 7600 lost communication and 7700 .icao doc 4444.8 5 2 ssr code management.8 5 2 1 codes 7700 7600 and 7500 shall be reserved internationally for use by pilots encountering a state of emergency radiocommunication failure or unlawful interference respectively ..• code 7500 = unlawful interference '75 man with a knife' .• code 7600 = radio failure '76 i need a radio fix' .• code 7700 = emergency '77 going to heaven' exemple 176 Mode a and code 7700.

Question 8-19 : Which of the following has the right of way against a vehicle that is operating on an apron ?

An aircraft being towed

.icao annex 11.3 8 control of persons and vehicles at aerodromes.3 8 3 emergency vehicles proceeding to the assistance of an aircraft in distress shall be afforded priority over all other surface movement traffic .3 8 4 subject to the provisions in 3 8 3 vehicles on the manoeuvring area shall be required to comply with the following rules .a vehicles and vehicles towing aircraft shall give way to aircraft which are landing taking off or taxiing .b vehicles shall give way to other vehicles towing aircraft .c vehicles shall give way to other vehicles in accordance with ats unit instructions .d notwithstanding the provisions of a b and c vehicles and vehicles towing aircraft shall comply with instructions issued by the aerodrome control tower

Question 8-20 : You are flying on a vfr flight in vmc in a controlled airspace suddenly you realize you are unable to maintain vmc what are your actions according icao annex 2 ?

Request a special vfr clearance if flying in a control zone

Learning objective 010 05 04 01 01 describe the vfr as contained in commission implementing regulation eu no 923/2012 source sera 5001 vmc visibility and distance from cloud minima sera 5005 visual flight rules sera 5010 special vfr in control zonesspecial vfr svfr special vfr is defined by icao as a vfr flight cleared by atc to operate in controlled airspace in conditions that are less than vmc svfr is only applicable to flights entering or departing the control zone the minimum visibility prescribed by icao is 1500 m lower than the 5 km or 3 km in certain cases required for vmc visual meteorological conditions when outside of a suitable control zone then the procedure for loss of vmc is to do an immediate 180° turn or whatever is best and remain vmc finding a vmc airfield to land at inside a control zone however there is an option to accept worse meteorological conditions svfr a special vfr clearance allows an aircraft to depart from or arrive at a controlled aerodrome via a control zone but is subject to many restrictions including the amount of aircraft in the control zone etc it is also very low visibility so must be flown carefully and slowly where possible to give a good time to spot obstacles exemple 184 Request a special vfr clearance if flying in a control zone.

Question 8-21 : Interception an aircraft equipped with ssr transponder which is intercepted by another aircraft shall immediately unless otherwise instructed by the appropriate air traffic service unit select mode a ?

Code 7700

Icao annex 2.appendix 2 interception of civil aircraft.2 action by intercepted aircraft.2 1 an aircraft which is intercepted by another aircraft shall immediately .a follow the instructions given by the intercepting aircraft interpreting and responding to visual signals in accordance with the specifications in appendix 1 .b notify if possible the appropriate air traffic services unit .c attempt to establish radiocommunication with the intercepting aircraft or with the appropriate intercept control unit by making a general call on the emergency frequency 121 5 mhz giving the identity of the intercepted aircraft and the nature of the flight and if no contact has been established and if practicable repeating this call on the emergency frequency 243 mhz .d if equipped with ssr transponder select mode a code 7700 unless otherwise instructed by the appropriate air traffic services unit .e if equipped with ads b or ads c select the appropriate emergency functionality if available unless otherwise instructed by the appropriate air traffic services unit

Question 8-22 : Communications failure flight procedures you are on a flight in accordance with ifr in imc exactly on the current flight plan route at 18 36 utc you receive and acknowledge the following instruction from the radar controller 'turn immediately fly heading 050° until further advised' at 18 37 utc ?

You have to return to your current flight plan route

Icao doc 4444.15 3 air ground communications failure.15 3 3 if the aircraft fails to indicate that it is able to receive and acknowledge transmissions separation shall be maintained between the aircraft having the communication failure and other aircraft based on the assumption that the aircraft will .b if in instrument meteorological conditions or when conditions are such that it does not appear likely that the pilot will complete the flight in accordance with a .3 when being vectored or having been directed by atc to proceed offset using rnav without a specified limit proceed in the most direct manner possible to rejoin the current flight plan route no later than the next significant point taking into consideration the applicable minimum flight altitude exemple 192 You have to return to your current flight plan route.

Question 8-23 : The pilot in command of an aircraft 1 must comply immediately to all instructions received from atc.2 is responsible only if he is the pilot flying .3 may deviate from air regulations for safety reasons.4 may be exempt from air regulations in order to comply to an atc instruction.5 may ask for the ?

3 and 5

3 may deviate from air regulations for safety reasons correct icao annex 2 . 2 3 1 responsibility of pilot in command the pilot in command of an aircraft shall whether manipulating the controls or not be responsible for the operation of the aircraft in accordance with the rules of the air except that the pilot in command may depart from these rules in circumstances that render such departure absolutely necessary in the interests of safety '5 may ask for the modification of an unsatisfactory clearance ' correct icao doc 4444 . 4 5 air traffic control clearances4 5 1 2 if an air traffic control clearance is not suitable to the pilot in command of an aircraft the flight crew may request and if practicable obtain an amended clearance exemple 196 3 and 5

Question 8-24 : You are flying ifr outside of controlled airspace when you are taking up a flight level what would this be based on ?

Magnetic track

Icao annex 2.5 3 rules applicable to ifr flights outside controlled airspace.5 3 1 cruising levelsan ifr flight operating in level cruising flight outside of controlled airspace shall be flown at a cruising level appropriate to its track as specified in a the tables of cruising levels in appendix 3 except when otherwise specified by the appropriate ats authority for flight at or below 900 m 3000 ft above mean sea level or.b a modified table of cruising levels when so prescribed in accordance with appendix 3 for flight above fl410 semi circular rule the default worldwide semi circular rule is the east/west orientation of the flight level parity cruising levels are based on magnetic track your aircraft has track between 0° and 179° => your flight level or altitude must be odd fl50 fl70 etc your aircraft has track between 180° and 359° => your flight level or altitude must be even fl40 fl60 etc exemple 200 Magnetic track

Question 8-25 : Deviation from flight plan pilots of controlled flights are requested to inform the appropriate ats whenever the average tas at cruising level between reporting points varies or is expected to vary from the tas given in the flight plan by ?

10 kt

This refers to the latest edition of annex 2.icao annex 2 – rules of the air.chapter 3.3 6 2 adherence to current flight plan.3 6 2 2 deviations from the current flight plan in the event that a controlled flight deviates from its current flight plan the following action shall be taken .c deviation from mach number/true airspeed if the sustained mach number/true airspeed at cruising level varies by plus or minus mach 0 02 or more or plus or minus 19 km/h 10 kt true airspeed or more from the current flight plan the appropriate air traffic services unit shall be so informed exemple 204 10 kt

Question 8-26 : An ifr flight is cruising at 12 000 ft the transition altitude in the region is currently 18 000 ft when atc requests the vertical position of the aircraft what should it be reported as ?

Altitude

Definitions.transition altitude  the altitude at or below which the vertical position of an aircraft is controlled by reference to altitudes .transition level  the lowest flight level available for use above the transition altitude .transition layer  the airspace between the transition altitude and the transition level .. with regards to this question if the transition altitude is at 18 000 ft and you are cruising at 12 000 ft it means that you are flying below it and therefore the vertical position should be controlled by reference to altitude exemple 208 Altitude.

Question 8-27 : When flying on a vfr flight atc clearance is required ?

When the whole flight or portions thereof are controlled and part of a flight plan

Standardised european rules of the air sera . .sera 8015 air traffic control clearances. b operation subject to clearance. 1 an air traffic control clearance shall be obtained prior to operating a controlled flight or a portion of a flight as a controlled flight such clearance shall be requested through the submission of a flight plan to an air traffic control unit exemple 212 When the whole flight or portions thereof are controlled and part of a flight plan.

Question 8-28 : What is the correct flight level to be used for a vfr flight given .compass heading 175°.deviation 4°e.variation 1°w ?

Fl75

To answer this question we must convert the compass heading into magnetic track mdc179°4°e175°use the mnemonic tvmdc true heading variation magnetic heading deviation compass heading semicircular for vfr flightsthe vfr rules of flight level and/or altitude selection is the same as ifr ones with adding 500 ft to all levels the default worldwide semi circular rule is the east/west orientation of the flight level parity your aircraft has track between 0° and 179° your flight level or altitude must be odd your aircraft has track between 180° and 359° your flight level or altitude must be even=> since our magnetic track is 179° we must choose an odd flight level + 500 ft exemple 216 Fl75

Question 8-29 : The variation in tas needs to be notified if it is expected to vary by plus or minus between reporting points ?

5%

Icao annex 2 .amendment 44 13 nov 14 .3 6 air traffic services3 6 2 2 inadvertent changes in the event that a controlled flight inadvertently deviates from its current flight plan the following action shall be taken a deviation from track if the aircraft is off track action shall be taken forthwith to adjust the heading of the aircraft to regain track as soon as practicable b variation in true airspeed if the average true airspeed at cruising level between reporting points varies or is expected to vary by plus or minus 5 percent of the true airspeed from that given in the flight plan the appropriate air traffic services unit shall be so informed .c change in time estimate if the time estimate for the next applicable reporting point flight information region boundary or destination aerodrome whichever comes first is found to be in error in excess of 2 minutes from that notified to air traffic services or such other period of time as is prescribed by the appropriate ats authority or on the basis of air navigation regional agreements a revised estimated time shall be notified as soon as possible to the appropriate air traffic services unit exemple 220 5%

Question 8-30 : What are the correct values for the navigational light ?

110 degrees red light on the left wing 140 degrees white light aft position 110 degrees green light on the right wing

Refer to figure . .icao annex 6 . .appendix 1 . .2 navigation lights to be displayed in the air.as illustrate in figure 1 the following unobstructed navigation lights shall be displayed .a a red light projected above and below the horizontal plane through angle of coverage l 110° . .b a green light projected above and below the horizontal plane through angle of coverage r 110° . .c a white light projected above and below the horizontal plane rearward through angle of coverage a 140° exemple 224 110 degrees red light on the left wing, 140 degrees white light aft position, 110 degrees green light on the right wing.

Question 8-31 : You are in a controlled airspace under vfr your minimal ias is 150 kt visibility dropped below 5000 m what are your actions ?

Request an amended clearance to maintain in vmc and divert to the nearest suitable aerodrome

Easa air ops . .sera 8020 adherence to flight plan. d weather deterioration below the vmc when it becomes evident that flight in vmc in accordance with its current flight plan will not be practicable a vfr flight operated as a controlled flight shall . 1 request an amended clearance enabling the aircraft to continue in vmc to destination or to an alternative aerodrome or to leave the airspace within which an atc clearance is required or . . 2 if no clearance in accordance with a can be obtained continue to operate in vmc and notify the appropriate atc unit of the action being taken either to leave the airspace concerned or to land at the nearest suitable aerodrome or . . 3 if operated within a control zone request authorisation to operate as a special vfr flight or . . 4 request clearance to operate in accordance with the instrument flight rules ..'request special vfr ' incorrect special vfr svfr clearance can be requested for flights at airspeed less than 140 kt .'request ifr clearance ' incorrect you need good weather to pick up your clearance in the air you cannot punch into the clouds without a clearance period that is why getting your clearance on the ground is advantageous you are cleared from the moment you take off to fly into the clouds that rule doesn’t apply when you pick up your clearance in the air you are a vfr aircraft and you must maintain your vfr cloud clearance until you receive your clearance exemple 228 Request an amended clearance to maintain in vmc and divert to the nearest suitable aerodrome.

Question 8-32 : An aircraft experiences radio communication failure over the ocean but still within us territory the aircraft is registered in italy and the operator is in france which procedures do you follow ?

The pilot must follow the lost comm procedure of the us since he/she is over the us

Icao annex 2.chapter 2 applicability of the rules of the air.2 1 territorial application of the rules of the air.2 1 1 the rules of the air shall apply to aircraft bearing the nationality and registration marks of a contracting state wherever they may be to the extent that they do not conflict with the rules published by the state having jurisdiction over the territory overflown ..when an aircraft is flying within the airspace of the state of registration the rules of the air of that state are applicable indeed for an italian registered aeroplane the italian rules apply wherever the aeroplane is flown providing there is no confliction with local rules where an italian registered aircraft is flying over a foreign state the rules of the air of that state apply do not confuse rules with law the application of the rules can be summarized thus .. . italian registered aircraft over italy italian rules apply. . . italian registered aircraft over usa italian and usa rules apply usa have priority . . . italian registered aircraft over the high seas icao rules apply without exception exemple 232 The pilot must follow the lost comm procedure of the us, since he/she is over the us.

Question 8-33 : The first officer and the flight attendant disagree with a pic decision what is correct ?

The pic has the last word as to the disposition of the aircraft

Icao annex 2.chapter 2 applicability of the rules of the air.2 4 the pilot in command of an aircraft shall have final authority as to the disposition of the aircraft while in command exemple 236 The pic has the last word as to the disposition of the aircraft.

Question 8-34 : A general aviation aircraft is on fire the pilot declares a mayday and sees a runway in front atc informs the pilot that the runway is closed for istrative reasons according to the standardised european rules of the air sera the pilot ?

Can still decide to land on the closed runway for safety reasons

If the pilot has declared an emergency all bets are off and he/she must do whatever is required to save the vehicle there can be no talk about being 'permitted' or even 'cleared' to land if an emergency has been declared obviously it the pilot in command's responsibility to understand why the runway is closed i e is it under construction to make sure that an attempted landing will not endanger the aircraft fire in the air is one of the most hazardous situations that a flight crew can be faced with time is critical a fire on board an aircraft can lead to the catastrophic loss of that aircraft within a very short space of time ..icao annex 2 . .2 3 1 responsibility of pilot in command.the pilot in command of an aircraft shall whether manipulating the controls or not be responsible for the operation of the aircraft in accordance with the rules of the air except that the pilot in command may depart from these rules in circumstances that render such departure absolutely necessary in the interests of safety exemple 240 Can still decide to land on the closed runway for safety reasons.

Question 8-35 : Before sleeping the pic takes some sedative in order to sleep the following day ?

The pilot must not fly

Icao annex 2.chapter 2 applicability of the rules of the air.2 5 problematic use of psychoactive substancesno person whose function is critical to the safety of aviation safety sensitive personnel shall undertake that function while under the influence of any psychoactive substance by reason of which human performance is impaired no such person shall engage in any kind of problematic use of substances easa aircrew.med b 055 mental health c applicants with a mental or behavioural disorder due to use or misuse of alcohol or other psychoactive substances shall be assessed as unfit pending recovery and freedom from psychoactive substance use or misuse and subject to satisfactory psychiatric evaluation after successful treatment med a 010 definitions‘psychoactive substances’ means alcohol opioids cannabinoids sedatives and hypnotics cocaine other psychostimulants hallucinogens and volatile solvents with the exception of caffeine and tobacco exemple 244 The pilot must not fly.

Question 8-36 : Except when necessary for take off or landing or except by permission from the appropriate authority the minimum height to be maintained by an aircraft over the congested areas of cities towns or settlements is… ?

A height that will permit an emergency landing to be made without undue hazard to persons or property

Icao annex 2 . chapter 3 general rules . 3 1 2 minimum heightsexcept when necessary for take off or landing or except by permission from the appropriate authority aircraft shall not be flown over the congested areas of cities towns or settlements or over an open air assembly of persons unless at such a height as will permit in the event of an emergency arising a landing to be made without undue hazard to persons or property on the surface . note — see 4 6 for minimum heights for vfr flights and 5 1 2 for minimum levels for ifr flights exemple 248 A height that will permit an emergency landing to be made without undue hazard to persons or property.

Question 8-37 : According to icao doc 9433 which of the following is a circumstance under which interception of a civil aircraft may occur ?

Deviating from a designated ats route without a known or apparent valid reason

Icao doc 9433 . icao provisions and special recommendations relating to interception of civil aircraft . 1 2 circumstances in which interception may occur1 2 1 pilots in command of civil aircraft should be aware that interception may take place in the event that military customs or police authorities of a state a are unable to secure positive identification of an aircraft observed in or entering the sovereign airspace of the state by means other than visual inspection i e by co ordination with air traffic services units and/or by secondary surveillance radar . b observe that an aircraft without proper authorization is about to enter or has entered an area in its territory in which civil flights are restricted or prohibited . c observe that an aircraft within its airspace deviates from a designated air traffic services ats route or a flight plan route outside the ats route network without a known or apparent valid reason for the deviation or . d suspect that an aircraft is engaged in illegal flight and/or transportation of illicit goods or persons inconsistent with the aims of the chicago convention and contrary to the laws of said state exemple 252 Deviating from a designated ats route without a known or apparent valid reason.

Question 8-38 : If the average true airspeed tas at cruising level between reporting points varies by from that given in the flight plan the appropriate air traffic services unit shall be so informed ?

Plus or minus 5% of the tas deviation in time by more than 2 min

Icao annex 2 .3 6 air traffic control service3 6 2 2 inadvertent changes in the event that a controlled flight inadvertently deviates from its current flight plan the following action shall be taken a deviation from track if the aircraft is off track action shall be taken forthwith to adjust the heading of the aircraft to regain track as soon as practicable b variation in true airspeed if the average true airspeed at cruising level between reporting points varies or is expected to vary by plus or minus 5 percent of the true airspeed from that given in the flight plan the appropriate air traffic services unit shall be so informed c change in time estimate if the time estimate for the next applicable reporting point flight information region boundary or destination aerodrome whichever comes first is found to be in error in excess of 2 minutes from that notified to air traffic services or such other period of time as is prescribed by the appropriate ats authority or on the basis of air navigation regional agreements a revised estimated time shall be notified as soon as possible to the appropriate air traffic services unit exemple 256 Plus or minus 5% of the tas, deviation in time by more than 2 min.

Question 8-39 : According to sera and icao annexes 2 and 6 a commercial air transport aeroplane must be equipped with the navigation lights consisting of… ?

A red light with a 110° coverage angle on the left a green light with a 110° coverage angle on the right and a white light with a 140° coverage angle on the aft

Refer to figure . .icao annex 6 . .2 navigation lights to be displayed in the air.the following unobstructed navigation lights shall be displayed . .a a red light projected above and below the horizontal plane through angle of coverage l . .b a green light projected above and below the horizontal plane through angle of coverage r . .c a white light projected above and below the horizontal plane rearward through angle of coverage a exemple 260 A red light with a 110° coverage angle on the left, a green light with a 110° coverage angle on the right, and a white light with a 140° coverage angle on the aft.

Question 8-40 : According to icao doc 9433 the military customs or police authorities of a state may authorise the interception of a civil aircraft… ?

If an aircraft without proper authorisation is about to enter an area in the state’s territory in which civil flights are restricted

Icao doc 9433 . icao provisions and special recommendations relating to interception of civil aircraft . 1 2 circumstances in which interception may occur1 2 1 pilots in command of civil aircraft should be aware that interception may take place in the event that military customs or police authorities of a state a are unable to secure positive identification of an aircraft observed in or entering the sovereign airspace of the state by means other than visual inspection i e by co ordination with air traffic services units and/or by secondary surveillance radar . b observe that an aircraft without proper authorization is about to enter or has entered an area in its territory in which civil flights are restricted or prohibited . c observe that an aircraft within its airspace deviates from a designated air traffic services ats route or a flight plan route outside the ats route network without a known or apparent valid reason for the deviation or . d suspect that an aircraft is engaged in illegal flight and/or transportation of illicit goods or persons inconsistent with the aims of the chicago convention and contrary to the laws of said state exemple 264 If an aircraft without proper authorisation is about to enter an area in the state’s territory in which civil flights are restricted.


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