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Question 81-1 : The term 'useful load' as applied to a aircraft includes ? [ Question security ]

Traffic load plus useable fuel


Question 81-2 : An aeroplane is performance limited to a landing mass of 54230 kg .the dry operating mass is 35000 kg and the zero fuel mass is 52080 kg .if the take off mass is 64280 kg the useful load is ?

29280 kg

Take off mass = dry operating mass + useful load.64280 = 35000 + useful load.useful load = 64280 35000.useful load = 29280 kg exemple 185 29280 kg.

Question 81-3 : For the medium range transport aeroplane from the loading manual determine the maximum total volume of fuel which can be loaded into the main wing tanks . fuel density value 0 78kg/l . 218 ?

11348 litres

The question states 'determine the maximum total volume of fuel which can be loaded into the main wing tanks' .if you use mass you will get 11646 litres 9084 kg / 0 78 = 11646 litres and it will not fit in the tanks because main tanks volume in litres is 2998 us gallons 1499 + 1499 .2998 usg x 3 7854 l/usg = 11348 litres for a mass of 11348 litres x 0 78 = 8851 kg

Question 81-4 : The flight preparation of a turbojet aeroplane provides the following data .take off runway limitation 185 000 kg.landing runway limitation 180 000 kg.planned fuel consumption 11 500 kg.fuel already loaded on board the aircraft 20 000 kg.knowing that .maximum take off mass mtom 212 000 kg.maximum ?

54 000 kg

Img157 exemple 193 54 000 kg.

Question 81-5 : The crew of a transport aeroplane prepares a flight using the following data . block fuel 40 000 kg. trip fuel 29 000 kg. taxi fuel 800 kg. maximum take off mass 170 000 kg. maximum landing mass 148 500 kg. maximum zero fuel mass 112 500 kg. dry operating mass 80 400 kg.the maximum traffic load for ?

32 100 kg

Img158 exemple 197 32 100 kg.

Question 81-6 : The dry operating mass of an aircraft is 2000 kg .the maximum take off mass landing and zero fuel mass are identical at 3500 kg .the block fuel mass is 550 kg and the taxi fuel mass is 50 kg .the available mass of traffic load is ?

1000 kg

Traffic load is the total mass of passengers baggage and cargo including any non revenue load .it means usable fuel is not a part of the 'traffic load' .traffic load = maximum take off mass dry operating mass + fuel on board at take off .traffic load = 3500 2000 + 500 = 1000 kg exemple 201 1000 kg.

Question 81-7 : The basic empty mass of an aircraft is 30000 kg the masses of the following items are . catering 300 kg. safety and rescue material nil. fly away kit nil. crew inclusive crew baggage 365 kg. fuel at take off 3000 kg. unusable fuel 120 kg. passengers baggage cargo 8000 kg.the dry operating mass is ?

30 665 kg

The dry operating mass is = basic empty mass + standard items.the basic empty mass includes unuseable fuel .dry operating mass = 30000 + 300 + 365 = 30665 kg .the dom includes unusable fuel since unusable fuel is a part of basic empty mass .dry operating mass = the total mass of an aircraft ready for a specific type of operation excluding all usable fuel and traffic load .this mass includes items such as .+ crew and crew baggage .+ catering and removable passenger service equipment food beverages potable water lavatory chemicals etc .+ special operational equipment e g stretchers rescue hoist cargo sling exemple 205 30 665 kg.

Question 81-8 : By adding to the basic empty mass the following fixed necessary equipment for a specific flight catering safety and rescue equipment fly away kit crew we get ?

Dry operating mass

Please download the following document used as a reference at the exam ./pdf/031 mass definitions pdf exemple 209 Dry operating mass.

Question 81-9 : An aircraft dry operating mass is 3000 kg the maximum take off landing and zero fuel mass are identical at 5200 kg ramp fuel is 650 kg the taxi fuel is 50 kg the maximum traffic load is ?

1600 kg

Maximum traffic load = 5200 kg 600 kg at take off 3000 kg = 1600 kg exemple 213 1600 kg.

Question 81-10 : Given .maximum structural take off mass 8350 kg.maximum structural landing mass 8350 kg.zero fuel mass 6210 kg.taxi fuel 10 kg.contingency fuel 90 kg.alternate fuel 300 kg.final reserve fuel 400 kg.trip fuel 780 kg.the expected landing mass at destination will be ?

7000 kg

Fuel on board at landing 90 + 300 + 400 = 790 kg .expected landing mass at destination = zero fuel mass + fuel on board at landing.expected landing mass at destination = 6210 + 790 = 7000 kg exemple 217 7000 kg.

Question 81-11 : Given .zero fuel mass 6660 kg.trip fuel 990 kg.block fuel 1540 kg.taxi fuel 25 kg.the actual take off mass is equal to ?

8175 kg

Actual take off mass = zero fuel mass + block fuel taxi fuel.actual take off mass = 6660 + 1540 25 = 8175 kg exemple 221 8175 kg.

Question 81-12 : Given .zero fuel mass 4920 kg.trip fuel 880 kg.block fuel 1330 kg.taxi fuel 25 kg.the actual take off mass is equal to ?

6225 kg

Actual take off mass = zero fuel mass + block fuel taxi fuel.actual take off mass = 4920 + 1330 25 = 6225 kg exemple 225 6225 kg.

Question 81-13 : Given .maximum structural take off mass 8600 kg.maximum structural landing mass 8600 kg.zero fuel mass 6500 kg.taxi fuel 15 kg.contingency fuel 110 kg.alternate fuel 600 kg.final reserve fuel 130 kg.trip fuel 970 kg.the expected landing mass at destination will be ?

7340 kg

Fuel on board at landing 110 + 600 + 130 = 840 kg .expected landing mass at destination = zero fuel mass + fuel on board at landing.expected landing mass at destination = 6500 + 840 = 7340 kg exemple 229 7340 kg.

Question 81-14 : Given .maximum structural take off mass 7400 kg.maximum structural landing mass 7400 kg.zero fuel mass 5990 kg.taxi fuel 15 kg.contingency fuel 110 kg.alternate fuel 275 kg.final reserve fuel 250 kg.trip fuel 760 kg.the expected landing mass at destination will be ?

6625 kg

Fuel on board at landing 110 + 275 + 250 = 635 kg .expected landing mass at destination = zero fuel mass + fuel on board at landing..expected landing mass at destination = 5990 + 635 = 6625 kg exemple 233 6625 kg.

Question 81-15 : Given .dry operating mass 4920 kg.zero fuel mass 5740 kg.trip fuel 670 kg.take off fuel 1050 kg.the traffic load is ?

820 kg

Dry operating mass is the total mass of an aircraft ready for a specific type of operation excluding all usable fuel and traffic load .traffic load is the total mass of passengers baggage and cargo including any non revenue load .5740 4920 = 820 kg exemple 237 820 kg.

Question 81-16 : Given .dry operating mass 5320 kg.zero fuel mass 6790 kg.trip fuel 770 kg.take off fuel 1310 kg.the traffic load is ?

1470 kg

Dry operating mass is the total mass of an aircraft ready for a specific type of operation excluding all usable fuel and traffic load .traffic load is the total mass of passengers baggage and cargo including any non revenue load .6790 5320 = 1470 kg

Question 81-17 : Given .dry operating mass 5210 kg.zero fuel mass 6230 kg.trip fuel 990 kg.take off fuel 1590 kg.the traffic load is ?

1020 kg

Dry operating mass is the total mass of an aircraft ready for a specific type of operation excluding all usable fuel and traffic load .traffic load is the total mass of passengers baggage and cargo including any non revenue load .6230 5210 = 1020 kg exemple 245 1020 kg.

Question 81-18 : Given .zero fuel mass 4770 kg.trip fuel 1040 kg.block fuel 1960 kg.taxi fuel 20 kg.the actual take off mass is equal to ?

6710 kg

Actual take off mass = zero fuel mass + block fuel taxi fuel.actual take off mass = 4770 + 1960 20 = 6710 kg

Question 81-19 : Considering only structural limitations on very short legs with minimum take off fuel the traffic load is normally limited by ?

Maximum zero fuel mass

Maximum zero fuel mass exists to prevent wing bending if too much weight is concentrated in the fuselage then the wings will flex dramatically in flight by placing fuel into the wings the weight is distributed more evenly there is not a concentration of mass in one area .on very short legs with minimum take off fuel it means very low fuel in the wings and no fuel in center tank the traffic load will be limited due to this bending moment at the wing roots exemple 253 Maximum zero fuel mass.

Question 81-20 : Basic empty mass is ?

A component of dry operating mass

Please download the following document used as a reference at the exam ./pdf/031 mass definitions pdf exemple 257 A component of dry operating mass.

Question 81-21 : Allowed traffic load is the difference between ?

Allowed take off mass and operating mass

Please download the following document used as a reference at the exam ./pdf/031 mass definitions pdf exemple 261 Allowed take off mass and operating mass.

Question 81-22 : The operating mass of an aeroplane is ?

The dry operating mass plus the take off fuel mass

Please download the following document used as a reference at the exam ./pdf/031 mass definitions pdf exemple 265 The dry operating mass plus the take-off fuel mass.

Question 81-23 : The maximum zero fuel mass is ?

A structural limit listed in the flight manual as a fixed value

exemple 269 A structural limit listed in the flight manual as a fixed value.

Question 81-24 : The maximum structural take off mass is ?

A limit which may not be exceeded for any take off

Please download the following document used as a reference at the exam ./pdf/031 mass definitions pdf exemple 273 A limit which may not be exceeded for any take-off.

Question 81-25 : To calculate the allowable take off mass the factors to be taken into account include ?

Maximum landing mass augmented by the fuel burn

Maximum landing mass and the trip fuel .correct because you can take off at the mlm plus trip fuel because you would land at mlm in the mlm would be the reserve contingency and diversion fuel .maximum take off mass minus the trip fuel .this is nonsense the mtom minus trip fuel will not give the allowable tom .maximum landing mass and the fuel on board at take off .it can't be the mlm plus take off fuel because this would mean you would land above the mlm as you would only plan to burn the trip fuel thus you would be landing at mlm plus reserve contingency and diversion fuel .maximum zero fuel mass and the trip fuel .this cannot be right because the allowable tom is not the mzfm plus trip fuel but the mzfm plus take off fuel assuming it doesn't exceed the mtom exemple 277 Maximum landing mass augmented by the fuel burn

Question 81-26 : The traffic load is defined as the total mass of ?

Passengers baggage and cargo including any non revenue load

Please download the following document used as a reference at the exam ./pdf/031 mass definitions pdf exemple 281 Passengers, baggage and cargo, including any non revenue load.

Question 81-27 : Given .dry operating mass = 38 000 kg.maximum structural take off mass = 72 000 kg.maximum landing mass = 65 000 kg.maximum zero fuel mass = 61 000 kg.trip fuel = 8 000 kg.take off fuel = 10 300 kg.the maximum allowed take off mass and payload are respectively ?

71 300 kg and 23 000 kg

Zfm is the mass of the aeroplane minus all useable fuel .payload is the load we are carrying that earns revenue .payload = maximum zero fuel mass dom.61000 38000 = 23000 kg.maximum allowed take off mass = payload + dom + fuel.23000 + 38000 + 10300 = 71300 kg.we are below the maximum structural take off mass .we will be below the maximum landing mass 71300 8000 = 63300 kg exemple 285 71 300 kg and 23 000 kg.

Question 81-28 : In relation to an aeroplane the term 'basic empty mass' includes the mass of the aeroplane structure complete with its powerplants systems furnishings and other items of equipment considered to be an integral part of the particular aeroplane configuration .its value is ?

Found in the latest version of the weighing schedule as corrected to allow for modifications

The 'basic empty mass' is recorded in the weighing schedule not in the flight manual exemple 289 Found in the latest version of the weighing schedule as corrected to allow for modifications.

Question 81-29 : Prior to departure the medium range twin jet aeroplane is loaded with maximum fuel of 20100 litres at a fuel density specific gravity of 0 78 .using the following data .performance limited take off mass 67200 kg.performance limited landing mass 54200 kg.dry operating mass 34930 kg.taxi fuel 250 ?

13090 kg

Question states 'prior to departure the jet is loaded with maximum fuel' .20100 litres = 15680 kg.traffic load possible at take off .67200 kg 34930 kg + 15680 kg = 16590 kg.at landing taxi and trip fuel have been burnt .15680 250 + 9250 = 6180 kg of fuel remains in our aeroplane .traffic load possible at landing .54200 34930 kg + 6180 kg = 13090 kg exemple 293 13090 kg.

Question 81-30 : The operator of an aircraft equipped with 50 seats uses standard masses for passengers and baggage .during the preparation of a scheduled flight a group of passengers present themselves at the check in desk it is apparent that even the lightest of these exceeds the value of the declared standard ?

The operator should use the individual masses of the passengers or alter the standard masss

Easa air ops.mass values for passengers and baggage . . g on any flight identified as carrying a significant number of passengers whose masses including hand baggage are expected to exceed the standard passenger mass an operator must determine the actual mass of such passengers by weighing or by adding an adequate mass increment exemple 297 The operator should use the individual masses of the passengers or alter the standard masss.

Question 81-31 : The following data is extracted from an aeroplane's loading manifest .performance limited take off mass 93500 kg.expected landing mass at destination 81700 kg.maximum certificated landing mass 86300 kg.fuel on board 16500 kg.during the flight a diversion is made to an en route alternate which is ?

Is 87300 kg and excess structural stress could result

Fuel on board fuel remaining at landing = 16500 kg 10300 kg = 6200 kg .we only have one mass givent for take off the performance limited take off mass thus the landing mass will be .93500 kg 6200 kg = 87300 kg and structural stress could result maximum certificated landing mass is 86300 kg exemple 301 Is 87300 kg and excess structural stress could result.

Question 81-32 : The following data relates to a planned flight of an aeroplane .dry operational mass 60 520 kg.performance limited take off mass 92 750 kg.structural limited take off mass 88 750 kg.performance limited landing mass 72 250 kg.structural limited landing mass 73 500 kg.maximum zero fuel mass 67 530 ?

7010 kg

Img168 exemple 305 7010 kg.

Question 81-33 : Maximum allowed take off mass limit 37 200kg.dry operating mass 21 600 kg.take off fuel 8 500 kg.passengers on board male 33 female 32 children 5.baggage 880 kg.the company uses the standard passenger mass systems allowed by regulations the flight is not a holiday charter in these conditions the ?

585 kg

Adults = 33 males + 32 females x 84 kg = 5460 kg.children = 5 x 35 kg = 175 kg.passenger load is 5460 kg + 175 kg = 5635 kg .mtom dom + fuel + passenger + baggage .37200 kg 21600 + 8500 + 5635 + 880 = 585 kg exemple 309 585 kg.

Question 81-34 : The take off mass of an aircraft is 8470 kg .total fuel on board is 1600 kg including 450 kg reserve fuel and 29 kg of unusable fuel .the traffic load is 770 kg .what is the zero fuel mass ?

6899 kg

Total fuel on board including unusable fuel = 1600 kg.take off mass minus total fuel on board = 8470 1600 = 6870 kg.unusable fuel is included within the zero fuel mass = 6870 + 29 = 6899 kg exemple 313 6899 kg.

Question 81-35 : Traffic load is the difference between ?

The take off mass and the operating mass

Please download the following document used as a reference at the exam ./pdf/031 mass definitions pdf exemple 317 The take-off mass and the operating mass.

Question 81-36 : The basic empty mass of an aircraft is 30000 kg .given the following data calculate the dom dry operating mass . catering 300 kg. crew 600 kg. trip fuel 1200 kg. unusable fuel 30 kg. traffic load 2500 kg ?

30900 kg

Dry operating mass = basic empty mass + variable load.dry operating mass = 30000 kg + 300 kg + 600 kg = 30900 kg . unusable fuel is already included in the basic empty mass exemple 321 30900 kg.

Question 81-37 : Which is true of the aircraft basic empty mass ?

It is a component of dry operating mass

Please download the following document used as a reference at the exam ./pdf/031 mass definitions pdf exemple 325 It is a component of dry operating mass.

Question 81-38 : The maximum quantity of fuel that can be loaded into an aircraft's tanks is given as 3800 us gallons .if the fuel density specific gravity is given as 0 79 the mass of fuel which may be loaded is ?

11364 kg

1 us gallon = 3 78 litres 3 785411784 litres .3800 x 3 785411784 x 0 79 = 11363 8 kg exemple 329 11364 kg.

Question 81-39 : Determine the landing mass for the following single engine aeroplane .given . standard empty mass 1764 lbs. optional equipment 35 lbs. pilot + front seat passenger 300 lbs. cargo mass 350 lbs. fuel quantity at brakes release 60 gal . trip fuel 35 gal .fuel density 6 lbs/gal ?

2599 lbs

Take off mass = 1764 + 35 + 300 + 350 + 6 x 60 = 2809 lbs.expected landing mass = 2809 6 x 35 = 2599 lbs exemple 333 2599 lbs.

Question 81-40 : Given .maximum allowable take off mass 64400 kg.maximum landing mass 56200 kg.maximum zero fuel mass 53000 kg.dry operating mass 35500 kg.traffic load 14500 kg.trip fuel 4900 kg.take off fuel 7400 kg.find maximum additional load ?

3000 kg

Take off mass will be 35500 + 14500 + 7400 = 57400 kg .landing mass will be 57400 4900 = 52500 kg.maximum landing mass is 56200 kg so we can add 56200 52500 kg = 3700 kg .last check the maximum zero fuel mass of 53000 kg .35500 + 14500 + 3700 = 53700 kg we are exceeding this limit we need to reduce the additional load by 700 kg .3700 700 = 3000 kg exemple 337 3000 kg.


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