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Question 82-1 : The traffic load is a part of the ? [ Attainment AIM ]

Zero fuel mass

Please download the following document used as a reference at the exam ./pdf/031 mass definitions pdf

Question 82-2 : The si units of running or linear load are ?

N/m kg/m

exemple 186 N/m, kg/m.

Question 82-3 : Given .fuel density of 0 78 kg/l dry operating mass = 33500 kg traffic load = 10600 kg maximum take off mass = 66200 kg .taxi fuel = 200 kg fuel tank capacity = 22500 l .the maximum fuel that can be carried at take off is ?

17350 kg

Maximum fuel at take off = maximum take off mass dry operating mass + traffic load .maximum fuel at take off = 66200 33500 + 10600 = 22100 kg .this is more than what the fuel tanks can contains .therefore we can fill them full and we will have to remove 200 kg for taxi to know our maximum possible fuel at take off .2500 x 0 78 = 17550 kg .17550 200 = 17350 kg

Question 82-4 : An aircraft is to depart at an take off mass of 8220 kg .take off fuel including reserve fuel of 710 kg is 1750 kg .the basic empty mass is 4920 kg .considering a total mass of crew and operating items of 420 kg the permissible traffic load will be ?

1130 kg

8220 1750 4920 420 = 1130 kg exemple 194 1130 kg.

Question 82-5 : The take off mass of an aircraft is 6700 kg .total fuel on board is 800 kg including 200 kg reserve fuel and 19 kg of unusable fuel .the traffic load is 900 kg .the zero fuel mass is ?

5919 kg

The total fuel includes 19 kg of unuseable fuel .this unuseable fuel is part of the basic empty mass and therefore part of the dom.tom useable fuel = zfm.6700 800 19 = 5919 kg exemple 198 5919 kg.

Question 82-6 : The maximum quantity of fuel that can be loaded into an aircraft's tanks is given as 1120 l .if the fuel density specific gravity is given as 0 79 the mass of fuel which may be loaded is ?

885 kg

1120 x 0 79 = 885 kg exemple 202 885 kg.

Question 82-7 : Given . dry operating mass 2800 kg. trip fuel 300 kg. traffic load 400 kg. maximum take off mass 4200 kg. maximum landing mass 3700 kg.the maximum fuel load is ?

800 kg

Zero fuel mass= 2800 + 400 = 3200 kg .useful limitation = the lowest value from the following two values . maximum take off mass 4200 kg . maximum landing mass + trip fuel = 3700 + 300 = 4000 kg this is our 'useful limitation' . maximum fuel load = 4000 3200 = 800 kg exemple 206 800 kg.

Question 82-8 : The dry operating mass of an aircraft is the sum of the basic empty mass + crew + ?

Operating items

exemple 210 Operating items.

Question 82-9 : The zero fuel mass is the mass of the aircraft ?

Excluding usable fuel

exemple 214 Excluding usable fuel.

Question 82-10 : The baggage compartment of a particular aircraft is 1 2 m wide by 1 4 m long and has a maximum floor loading of 500 kg per square metre .what is the maximum capacity of the baggage compartment limited by maximum floor load only ?

840 kg

1 2 x 1 4 x 500 = 840 kg exemple 218 840 kg.

Question 82-11 : What is the reason for knowing accurately what your weight is during flight ?

So you can fly at the optimum cruise altitude

exemple 222 So you can fly at the optimum cruise altitude.

Question 82-12 : Basic empty mass basic mass is the mass of an aircraft plus standard items such as ?

Pyrotechnics

Basic empty mass basic mass is the mass of an aeroplane plus standard items such as unusable fuel and other unusable fluids lubricating oil in engine and auxiliary units fire extinguishers pyrotechnics emergency oxygen equipment supplementary electronic equipment exemple 226 Pyrotechnics.

Question 82-13 : The following data applies to an aircraft which is about to take off .maximum structural take off mass 8400 kg.performance limited take off mass 7920 kg.dry operating mass 5230 kg.crew and operating items 460 kg.take off fuel 980 kg.from this data calculate the mass of the useful load ?

2690 kg

Useful load = take off mass dry operating mass.useful load = 7920 kg 5230 kg.useful load = 2690 kg exemple 230 2690 kg.

Question 82-14 : 1 ton equals approximately ?

2200 lb

exemple 234 2200 lb.

Question 82-15 : Given .basic empty mass 5300 kg.dry operating mass 5500 kg.zero fuel mass 5980 kg.take off mass 7980 kg.the useful load is ?

2480 kg

Useful load = take off mass dry operating mass.useful load = 7980 kg 5500 kg.useful load = 2480 kg exemple 238 2480 kg.

Question 82-16 : Based on actual conditions an aeroplane has the following performance take off mass limitations .flaps 0° 10° 15°.runway 4100 4400 4600.climb 4700 4500 4200.masses are in kg. structural limits take off/landing/zero fuel 4 300 kg.the maximum take off mass is ?

4300 kg

You must compare the 4300kg structural limit with the runway limit and climb limit at each flap setting and select the lowest .at flap 0° the lowest limit will be 4100 kg .at flap 10 the lowest limit will be 4300 kg .at flap 15 the lowest limit is 4200 kg .now pick the highest of the three and we can safely get airborne at 4300 kg at flap 10°

Question 82-17 : Mass for individual passengers to be carried on an aeroplane may be determined from a verbal statement by or on behalf of the passengers if the number of ?

Passenger seats available is less than 10

Where the number of passenger seats available is less than 10 passenger mass may be determined by verbal statement exemple 246 Passenger seats available is less than 10.

Question 82-18 : The regulated take off mass is ?

The lower of performance limited take off mass and maximum structural take off mass

Regulated take off mass = lower of . the take off mass subject to departure airfield limitations performance limited take off mass .and. the maximum permissible total mass of the aircraft at commencement of take off maximum structural take off mass exemple 250 The lower of performance limited take-off mass and maximum structural take-off mass.

Question 82-19 : Given .container size length x width x height 0 8 x 0 8 x 0 8 m.container has 2 supports 0 2 m each in longitudinal direction .maximum running load 1915 kg/m.calculate the maximum total mass of the loaded container without exceeding the maximum permissible running load ?

766 kg

If the maximum running load is 1915 kg 1915 kg per 1 m in longitudinal direction we need to convert this value down to both ground supports .2 x 0 2 m = 0 4 m .the total length of both ground supports is 0 4 m = the total load is pressing down on a running load length of 0 4 m .1915 kg x 0 4m = 766 kg exemple 254 766 kg.

Question 82-20 : From the pilot's flight manual determine the maximum total volume of fuel which can be loaded into the standard tank version . 1064 ?

2367 l

Read the question carefully if it is asking for mass or volume .total volume of fuel 487 + 405 + 236 + 324 + 246 + 423 + 246 = 2367 litres .total mass of fuel 2367 x 0 79 = 1870 kg exemple 258 2367 l.

Question 82-21 : The basic advantage of standard size containers ?

Standard size containers are designed to fit and lock into the cargo compartment for maximum space efficiency

exemple 262 Standard size containers are designed to fit and lock into the cargo compartment for maximum space efficiency.

Question 82-22 : From the pilot's flight manual determine the maximum total mass of fuel which can be loaded into the standard tank version . 1064 ?

1870 kg

Read the question carefully if it is asking for mass or volume .total volume of fuel 487 + 405 + 236 + 324 + 246 + 423 + 246 = 2367 litres .total mass of fuel 2367 x 0 79 = 1870 kg exemple 266 1870 kg.

Question 82-23 : The maximum floor loading of the cargo compartment is specified to be 732 kg/m² .which is the smallest given pallet size acceptable to load a box of 826 kg ?

1 2 m x 1 2 m

Floor loading limit 732 kg/m² ==> you can put maximum 732 kg to 1 m² that's the limit .you have 826 kg to load so yo need more than 1 m² space and it's ==> 826/732= 1 13 m².if you put 826 kg evenly on 1 13 m² it will be ok .so minimum pallet size should be 1 13 m².pallets .1 25 m x 1 25 m ==> 1 56 m² ==> acceptable.1 3 m x 1 3 m ==> 1 69 m²==> acceptable.1 2 m x 1 2 m ==> 1 44 m²==> acceptable.1 05 m x 1 05 m ==> 1 10 m²==> not acceptable.question asks smallest pallet .smallest one among acceptable pallets is ==> 1 2 m x 1 2 m ==> 1 44 m² exemple 270 1.2 m x 1.2 m.

Question 82-24 : The term 'landing mass' at destination is defined as ?

Final reserve fuel alternate fuel contingency fuel plus zero fuel mass

exemple 274 Final reserve fuel, alternate fuel, contingency fuel plus zero fuel mass.

Question 82-25 : Determine the take off mass tom for the following single engine aeroplane .standard empty mass 1764 lbs.optional equipment 35 lbs.pilot + front seat passenger 300 lbs.cargo mass 350 lbs.fuel quantity at brakes release 60 gal .trip fuel 35 gal .fuel density 6 lbs/gal ?

2809 lbs

Take off mass = 1764 + 35 + 300 + 350 + 6 x 60 .take off mass = 2809 lbs exemple 278 2809 lbs.

Question 82-26 : Refer to figure 031 15 .calculate the maximum fuel mass for the centre tank in pounds ?

15450 lbs

The maximum mass of fuel in the centre tank is 7008 kg convert this value into pounds to get 15450 lbs 1kg = 2 2 lbs exemple 282 15450 lbs.

Question 82-27 : What is the reason for cargo loads to be tied down ?

Preventing such loads from moving and to remain within the cg limits of the aircraft

exemple 286 Preventing such loads from moving and to remain within the cg limits of the aircraft.

Question 82-28 : The structural limitation of a baggage compartment is 50 lb/ft a load has a mass of 320 kg and has to be distributed over an area of at least ?

1 31 m²

1 m = 3 28 ft therefore 1 m² = 10 76 ft².convert the limitation of 50 lb/ft² to kg and m².50 lb = 22 68 kg.10 76 ft² x 22 68 kg = 244 kg/10 76 ft² or 244 kg/m².the mass given by the question is 320 kg to find the distribution we need to use the rule of proportion to find the aera for a mass of 320 kg .1m² / 244 kg x 320 kg = 1 31 m² exemple 290 1.31 m².

Question 82-29 : The loaded centre of gravity cg of an aeroplane is 713 mm aft of datum .the mean aerodynamic chord lies between station 524 mm aft and 1706 mm aft .the cg expressed as % mac mean aerodynamic chord is ?

16%

100 x distance between leading edge and cg / mac length.100 x 713 524 / 1706 524 .100 x 189 / 1182 = 15 99% exemple 294 16%.

Question 82-30 : The centre of gravity location of the aeroplane is normally computed along the ?

Longitudinal axis

exemple 298 Longitudinal axis.

Question 82-31 : In mass and balance calculations which of the following describes the datum ?

It is the point on the aircraft designated by the manufacturer from which all centre of gravity measurements and calculations are made

To be correct this is not necessarily a point 'on' the aircraft .the datum is an imaginary vertical line chosen on the longitudinal axis of the aeroplane specified by the designer from which all horizontal c of g measurements are made . 159.in most cases the datum is located in the vicinity of the aircraft nose usually the firewall . 1065 exemple 302 It is the point on the aircraft designated by the manufacturer from which all centre of gravity measurements and calculations are made.

Question 82-32 : An aircraft has its centre of gravity located 7 metres from the datum line and it has a weight of 49000 n .the moment about the datum is ?

343000 nm

Arm = moment / force.7 = x / 49000.7 x 49 000 = 343000 nm .nm = newton multiplied by meter exemple 306 343000 nm.

Question 82-33 : Which one of the following is correct ?

Arm = moment / force

exemple 310 Arm = moment / force

Question 82-34 : Which of the following statements is correct ?

A rear centered aircraft is less stable and stalls at a slower speed than a forward centered aircraft

exemple 314 A rear-centered aircraft is less stable and stalls at a slower speed than a forward-centered aircraft.

Question 82-35 : In mass and balance calculations the 'index' is ?

Is a figure without unit of measurement which represents a moment

Index is the moment divided by a constant usually 1000 it is used to simplify the calculations by decreasing the values .'a location in the aircraft identified by a number' is a position .and 'an imaginary vertical plane or line from which all measurements are taken' is the datum exemple 318 Is a figure without unit of measurement which represents a moment.

Question 82-36 : Which of the following are the exact propositions .1 an aircraft belonging to a fleet must be weighed systematically every 48 months.2 an aircraft not belonging to a fleet must be weighed systematically every 9 years ?

1 is incorrect 2 is incorrect

An aeroplane must be re weighed at certain intervals at intervals of 4 years if individual aeroplane masses are used and 9 years if fleet masses are used exemple 322 1 is incorrect, 2 is incorrect.

Question 82-37 : At what mass is an aircraft weighed ?

The basic empty mass

Basic empty mass is the mass of an aeroplane plus standard items such as . unusable fuel and other unusable fluids. lubricating oil in engine and auxiliary units. fire extinguishers. pyrotechnics. emergency oxygen equipment. supplementary electronic equipment exemple 326 The basic empty mass.

Question 82-38 : An aircraft is weighed and the following recordings are made .nose wheel assembly scale 5330 kg.left main wheel assembly scale 12370 kg.right main wheel assembly scale 12480 kg.if the 'fixed items' amount to a mass of 1780 kg with a crew mass of 545 kg the empty mass as entered in the weight ?

30180 kg

The 'fixed items' are parts of the aircraft when it is weighed you don't have to add them again to find the empty mass .5330 + 12370 + 12480 = 30180 kg exemple 330 30180 kg.

Question 82-39 : If individual masses are used the mass of an aircraft must be determined prior to initial entry into service and thereafter ?

At intervals of 4 years if no modifications have taken place

Easa air ops.regulation eu no 965/2012.cat pol mab 100 mass and balance loading. a during any phase of operation the loading mass and centre of gravity cg of the aircraft shall comply with the limitations specified in the afm or the operations manual if more restrictive . b the operator shall establish the mass and the cg of any aircraft by actual weighing prior to initial entry into service and thereafter at intervals of four years if individual aircraft masses are used or nine years if fleet masses are used the accumulated effects of modifications and repairs on the mass and balance shall be accounted for and properly documented aircraft shall be reweighed if the effect of modifications on the mass and balance is not accurately known . c the weighing shall be accomplished by the manufacturer of the aircraft or by an approved maintenance organisation . d the operator shall determine the mass of all operating items and crew members included in the aircraft dry operating mass by weighing or by using standard masses the influence of their position on the aircraft's cg shall be determined . e the operator shall establish the mass of the traffic load including any ballast by actual weighing or by determining the mass of the traffic load in accordance with standard passenger and baggage masses . f in addition to standard masses for passengers and checked baggage the operator can use standard masses for other load items if it demonstrates to the competent authority that these items have the same mass or that their masses are within specified tolerances . g the operator shall determine the mass of the fuel load by using the actual density or if not known the density calculated in accordance with a method specified in the operations manual . h the operator shall ensure that the loading of . 1 its aircraft is performed under the supervision of qualified personnel and. 2 traffic load is consistent with the data used for the calculation of the aircraft mass and balance . i the operator shall comply with additional structural limits such as the floor strength limitations the maximum load per running metre the maximum mass per cargo compartment and the maximum seating limit for helicopters in addition the operator shall take account of in flight changes in loading . j the operator shall specify in the operations manual the principles and methods involved in the loading and in the mass and balance system that meet the requirements contained in a to i this system shall cover all types of intended operations exemple 334 At intervals of 4 years if no modifications have taken place.

Question 82-40 : At the maximum landing mass the range of safe cg positions as determined from the appropriate graph in the loading manual is . 206 ?

Forward limit 7 4% mac aft limit 27 0% mac

Img146 exemple 338 Forward limit 7.4% mac aft limit 27.0% mac.


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