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Question 83-1 : At a given mass the cg position is at 15% mac if the leading edge of mac is at a position 625 6 inches aft of the datum and the mac is given as 134 5 inches determine the position of the cg in relation to the datum ? [ Control visibility ]

645 78 inches aft of datum

The mac lenght is 134 5 inches and the cg is at 15% of this distance back from the leading edge .15% of 134 5 inches is 20 175 inches .if the leading edge of the mac is at 625 6 inches aft of the datum the cg will be at 625 6 + 20 175 = 645 775 inches aft of the datum exemple 183 645.78 inches aft of datum.

Question 83-2 : The aeroplane has a take off mass of 58 000 kg at this mass the range of safe cg positions as determined from the appropriate graph in the loading manual is . 207 ?

Forward limit 8 0% mac aft limit 26 5% mac

Img147 exemple 187 Forward limit 8.0% mac aft limit 26.5% mac.

Question 83-3 : When preparing to carry out the weighing procedure on an aircraft which of the following is not required ?

Drain all engine tank oil

Basic empty mass is the mass of an aeroplane plus standard items such as . unusable fuel and other unusable fluids. lubricating oil in engine and auxiliary units. fire extinguishers. pyrotechnics. emergency oxygen equipment. supplementary electronic equipment .engine oil is included in the basic empty mass exemple 191 Drain all engine tank oil.

Question 83-4 : An aircraft is weighed prior to entry into service .who is responsible for deriving the dry operational mass from the weighed mass by the addition of the 'operational items' ?

The operator

The operator is responsible for deriving the dry operational mass from the weighed mass by the addition of the 'operational items' prior the aircraft enter into service exemple 195 The operator.

Question 83-5 : An aircraft may be weighed ?

In an enclosed non air conditioned hangar

Weighing procedures normal precautions consistent with good practices in the weighing procedures such as checking for completeness of the aircraft and equipment determining that fluids are properly accounted for and the weighing is accomplished in an enclosed building preventing the effect of the wind should be provided exemple 199 In an enclosed, non-air conditioned, hangar.

Question 83-6 : A aeroplane has a landing mass of 53000kg the range of safe cg positions as determined from the appropriate graph in the loading manual is . 208 ?

Forward limit 7 8% mac aft limit 27 0% mac

Img172 exemple 203 Forward limit 7.8% mac aft limit 27.0% mac.

Question 83-7 : The aeroplane has a mass of 61 000 kg in the cruise the range of safe cg positions as determined from the appropriate graph in the loading manual is . 209 ?

Forward limit 8 3% aft limit 26 3% mac

Img148 exemple 207 Forward limit 8.3% aft limit 26.3% mac.

Question 83-8 : An aeroplane must be re weighed at certain intervals where an operator uses 'fleet masses' and provided that changes have been correctly documented this interval is ?

9 years for each aeroplane

Easa air ops.regulation eu no 965/2012.cat pol mab 100 mass and balance loading. a during any phase of operation the loading mass and centre of gravity cg of the aircraft shall comply with the limitations specified in the afm or the operations manual if more restrictive . b the operator shall establish the mass and the cg of any aircraft by actual weighing prior to initial entry into service and thereafter at intervals of four years if individual aircraft masses are used or nine years if fleet masses are used the accumulated effects of modifications and repairs on the mass and balance shall be accounted for and properly documented aircraft shall be reweighed if the effect of modifications on the mass and balance is not accurately known . c the weighing shall be accomplished by the manufacturer of the aircraft or by an approved maintenance organisation exemple 211 9 years for each aeroplane.

Question 83-9 : A flight benefits from a strong tail wind which was not forecast on arrival at destination a straight in approach and immediate landing clearance is given .the landing mass will be higher than planned and ?

The landing distance required will be longer

The strong tail wind helps carry the aircraft so less fuel is used with no delays on arrival and with a straight in approach less time spent on the approach procedure the plane will land with more fuel on board than expected .approach and landing speeds are increased the landing distance required is longer exemple 215 The landing distance required will be longer.

Question 83-10 : The centre of gravity of an aeroplane is at 25% of the mean aerodynamic chord this means that the centre of gravity of the aeroplane is situated at 25% of the length of ?

The mean aerodynamic chord in relation to the leading edge

Longitudinal cg location is normally expressed as a percentage of the mean aerodynamic chord mac from its leading edge exemple 219 The mean aerodynamic chord in relation to the leading edge.

Question 83-11 : To measure the mass and cg position of an aircraft it should be weighed with a minimum of ?

3 points of support

exemple 223 3 points of support.

Question 83-12 : An aeroplane has a mean aerodynamic chord mac of 134 5 inches .the leading edge of this chord is at a distance of 625 6 inches aft of the datum .define the location of the centre of gravity of the aeroplane in terms of percentage mac if the mass of the aeroplane is acting vertically through a ?

18 10%

Leading edge mac is at 625 6 inches aft of the datum .the centre of gravity is at 650 inches aft of the datum 650 625 6 = 24 4 inches from leading edge mac . 24 4 / 134 5 x 100 = 18 10 % exemple 227 18,10%.

Question 83-13 : The empty mass of an aircraft is recorded in ?

The weighing schedule and is amended to take account of changes due to modifications of the aircraft

The empty mass of an aircraft is recorded in the weighing schedule and is amended to take account of changes due to modifications of the aircraft .normally the aircraft is weighed . before entering in service. every 4 years for individual aircraft. every 9 years for fleet masses. every time a modification takes place equipment installed or uninstalled .as the weighing procedure is long and complex the operator is allowed to adjust the empty mass of an aircraft on the weighing schedule between to weighing procedure exemple 231 The weighing schedule and is amended to take account of changes due to modifications of the aircraft.

Question 83-14 : The maximum quantity of fuel that can be loaded into an aircraft's tanks is given as 400 us gallons .if the fuel density specific gravity is given as 0 79 the mass of fuel which may be loaded is ?

1196 kg

1 ug gallons = 3 7854 litres .400 usg x 3 7854 = 1514 litres .1514 x 0 79 = 1196 kg exemple 235 1196 kg.

Question 83-15 : The maximum quantity of fuel that can be loaded into an aircraft's tanks is given as 2200 l .if the fuel density specific gravity is given as 0 79 the mass of fuel which may be loaded is ?

1738 kg

2200 x 0 79 = 1738 kg exemple 239 1738 kg.

Question 83-16 : The basic empty mass is 4960 kg the dry operating mass is 5220 kg and the zero fuel mass is 6040 kg .if the take off mass is 7630 kg the useful load is ?

2410 kg

Useful load = maximum take off mass dry operating mass.useful load = 7630 kg 5220 kg = 2410 kg

Question 83-17 : The basic empty mass is 4800 kg the dry operating mass is 5050 kg and the zero fuel mass is 6210 kg .if the take off mass is 8010 kg the useful load is ?

2960 kg

Useful load = the mass of the aircraft including everything and everyone contained within it at the commencement of take off the total mass of an aircraft ready for a specific type of operation excluding all usable fuel and traffic load .useful load = take off mass dry operating mass.useful load = 8010 kg 5050 kg = 2960 kg exemple 247 2960 kg.

Question 83-18 : Longitudinal cg location is normally expressed ?

As a percentage of the mac from its leading edge

exemple 251 As a percentage of the mac from its leading edge.

Question 83-19 : Given .basic empty mass bem 1 200 kg.balance arm of bem 3 0 m.centre of gravity at bem 25% of mac .length of mac 2 0 m .in the mass and balance section of the flight manual the following information is given .position arm .front seats 2 5 m.rear seats 3 5 m.rear hold 4 5 m.fuel tanks 3 0 m .the ?

22 % of mac

Com en/annexe php annexe=com031 226 jpg.basic mass cg was at 25% of the mean aerodynamic chord mac with an arm of 3 m . .the length of mac is 2m so the cg is at 0 5 m from leading edge mac ..take off mass cg = moment/mass = 4300 / 1460 = 2 945 m.with a cg located at 2 945 m for take off it is at 0 445 m from the leading edge mac .0 445/2 x 100 = 22 25% mac .hwoarangitf .please how do you found the '0 445'm from the leading edge mac thank you . .at basic mass the cg is at 25% of the mac for a chord length of 2m and 3m aft of the datum 25% of 2m is 50 cm thus the leading edge of the mac is at 2 5m aft of datum .cg location at take off will be at 2 945 2 5m = 0 445m aft of leading edge of the mac .com en/annexe php annexe=com031 226b jpg exemple 255 22 % of mac.

Question 83-20 : Given the following data .distance from datum to centre of gravity 12 53 m.distance from datum to leading edge 9 63 m.length of mac 8 00 m.calculate the centre of gravity in % mac mean aerodynamic chord ?

36 3% mac

Position of the cg on the mac = distance from datum to centre of gravity distance from datum to leading edge.position of the cg on the mac = 12 53 9 63 = 2 9 m .8 m is the lenght of the mac and center of gravity is located on the mac at 2 9 m .8 m is 100% of the length 2 9m is at .2 9 x 100 / 8 = 36 25 % exemple 259 36.3% mac.

Question 83-21 : At reference to determine the dry operating index doi for a dom of 35000kg and a %mac of 14% . 229 ?

Doi 40

Img169 exemple 263 Doi 40.

Question 83-22 : Which of the following combinations of compartment centroid and maximum load is correct . 230 ?

835 5 in and 3062 kg

Img171.take care we are talking in inches and in kilograms exemple 267 835.5 in and 3062 kg.

Question 83-23 : Given the following data calculate the cg as a %mac mean aerodynamic cord when 12000 n of last minute cargo is added to a hold 10 m from the datum .aum all up mass 460000 n.lemac leading edge mac 14 m from datum.mac 4 6 m.current cg 15 4 m from datum ?

27 5%

Admin .mass x arm = moment.460000 n x 15 4 m = 7084000 nm.12000 n of last minute cargo is added to a hold 10 m from the datum .12000 n x 10 m = 120000 nm.new mass is 472000 n.new moment is 7204000 nm.cg position is now 7204000 / 472000 = 15 26 m.in percentage of mean aerodynamic chord it is .lemac is at 14 m therefore cg is 1 26m from lemac.1 26 / 4 6 x 100 = 27 5% mac exemple 271 27.5%.

Question 83-24 : What are the standard masses used for crew ?

85 kg for flight crew 75 kg cabin crew including hand baggage

Eu ops 1 615 mass values for crew. a an operator shall use the following mass values to determine the dry operating mass .1 actual masses including any crew baggage or.2 standard masses including hand baggage of 85 kg for flight crew members and 75 kg for cabin crew members or.3 other standard masses acceptable to the authority .b an operator must correct the dry operating mass to account for any additional baggage the position of this additional baggage must be accounted for when establishing the centre of gravity of the aeroplane exemple 275 85 kg for flight crew, 75 kg cabin crew, including hand baggage.

Question 83-25 : For the medium range twin jet the datum point is located . 235 ?

540 inches forward of the front spar

In bottom of the appendix you can read .' 2 1 datum point 540inches forward of front spar fs ' exemple 279 540 inches forward of the front spar.

Question 83-26 : The chemical fluids used to charge the aircraft toilets are counted as ?

Part of the variable load

exemple 283 Part of the variable load.

Question 83-27 : For this question use annex ecqb 031 054 v2015 01 .calculate the basic empty mass and the centre of gravity . 240 ?

968 4 kg and 179 7 cm

Ecqb03 july 2016. .sorry we haven't yet recovered the annex we get only the question and the correct answer this is nice isn't it exemple 287 968.4 kg and 179.7 cm

Question 83-28 : For this question use annex ecqb 031 057 v2015 05 .using the loading manifest in the annex determine the basic empty mass . 240 ?

3210 lbs

Ecqb03 july 2016. .3735 lb 15 lb 390 120 = 3210 lbs exemple 291 3210 lbs.

Question 83-29 : The bem of an aircraft is the basic empty weight of an aircraft without crew and items of removable equipment it is found in the ?

Weighing schedule at the last date of weighing

exemple 295 Weighing schedule at the last date of weighing.

Question 83-30 : The mass of an aircraft is 2000 kg and 400 kg of freight is added to a hold 2 m aft of the present cg position the movement of the cg is ?

0 33 m aft

Change of cg = mass added x distance from hold to cg / new total mass.change of cg = 400 x 2 / 2000 + 400 = 0 33 m .we add cargo aft thus the cg will move aft exemple 299 0.33 m aft.

Question 83-31 : Once the mass and balance documentation has been signed prior to flight ?

Acceptable last minute change to the load must be documented

See easa air ops regulation no 965/2012 .cat pol mab 105 mass and balance data and documentation exemple 303 Acceptable last minute change to the load must be documented.

Question 83-32 : Using the loadsheet on the annex determine the underload and the difference between the maximum allowed tom and the actual tom the underload is . 248 ?

3770 kg and the difference is 7170 kg

Underload = allowed tl total tl.underload = 15000 kg 11230 kg = 3770 kg .difference mtom and actual tom .actual tom = om + tl.actual tom = 44400 kg + 11230 kg = 55630 kg .difference = mtom actual tom.difference = 62800 kg 55630 kg = 7170 kg exemple 307 3770 kg and the difference is 7170 kg.

Question 83-33 : A location in the aircraft which is identified by a number designating its distance from the datum is known as ?

Station

Station is a location in the aircraft which is identified by a number designating its distance from the datum exemple 311 Station.

Question 83-34 : The centre of gravity of a body is that point ?

Through which the sum of the forces of all masses of the body is considered to act

exemple 315 Through which the sum of the forces of all masses of the body is considered to act.

Question 83-35 : Assuming gross mass altitude and airspeed remain unchanged movement of the centre of gravity from the forward to the aft limit will cause ?

Increased cruise range

With a forward cg the aircraft is 'nose heavy' he has a nose down moment thus the downforce on the tail on a steady flight must increase .the total aircraft weight increases and therefore more weight = more drag = more power = reduced maximum cruise range .with an aft cg downforce on the tail on a steady flight is decreased .less weight = less drag = less power = increased cruise range exemple 319 Increased cruise range.

Question 83-36 : Moment balance arms are measured from a specific point to the body station at which the mass is located that point is known as ?

The datum

The datum is an imaginary vertical line chosen on the longitudinal axis of the aircraft specified by the designer from which all horizontal cg measurements are made . 159.in most cases the datum is located in the vicinity of the aircraft nose usually the firewall exemple 323 The datum.

Question 83-37 : The centre of gravity of an aircraft is that point through which the total mass of the aircraft is said to act .the weight acts in a direction ?

Parallel to the gravity vector

Img145.the sum of the aircraft weight acts through the center of gravity towards the earth's center exemple 327 Parallel to the gravity vector.

Question 83-38 : When an aircraft is stationary on the ground its total weight will act vertically ?

Through its centre of gravity

Centre of gravity cg is that point through which the force of gravity is said to act on a mass and always acts parallel to the gravity vector exemple 331 Through its centre of gravity.

Question 83-39 : The weight of an aircraft which is in level non accelerated flight is said to act ?

Vertically through the centre of gravity

Centre of gravity cg is that point through which the force of gravity is said to act on a mass and always acts parallel to the gravity vector exemple 335 Vertically through the centre of gravity.

Question 83-40 : The distance from the datum to the centre of gravity of a mass is known as ?

The moment arm or balance arm

Balance arm is the distance from the datum to the centre of gravity of a mass exemple 339 The moment arm or balance arm.


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