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At what mass is an aircraft weighed ? [ Control visibility ]

Question 83-1 : The basic empty mass the basic mass the empty mass the dry operating mass

Basic empty mass is the mass of an aeroplane plus standard items such as . unusable fuel and other unusable fluids. lubricating oil in engine and auxiliary units. fire extinguishers. pyrotechnics. emergency oxygen equipment. supplementary electronic equipment exemple 183 The basic empty mass.The basic empty mass.

An aircraft is weighed and the following recordings are made .nose wheel ?

Question 83-2 : 30180 kg 28400 kg 31960 kg 32505 kg

The 'fixed items' are parts of the aircraft when it is weighed you don't have to add them again to find the empty mass .5330 + 12370 + 12480 = 30180 kg exemple 187 30180 kg.30180 kg.

If individual masses are used the mass of an aircraft must be determined prior ?

Question 83-3 : At intervals of 4 years if no modifications have taken place at regular annual intervals only if major modifications have taken place at intervals of 9 years

Easa air ops.regulation eu no 965/2012.cat pol mab 100 mass and balance loading. a during any phase of operation the loading mass and centre of gravity cg of the aircraft shall comply with the limitations specified in the afm or the operations manual if more restrictive . b the operator shall establish the mass and the cg of any aircraft by actual weighing prior to initial entry into service and thereafter at intervals of four years if individual aircraft masses are used or nine years if fleet masses are used the accumulated effects of modifications and repairs on the mass and balance shall be accounted for and properly documented aircraft shall be reweighed if the effect of modifications on the mass and balance is not accurately known . c the weighing shall be accomplished by the manufacturer of the aircraft or by an approved maintenance organisation . d the operator shall determine the mass of all operating items and crew members included in the aircraft dry operating mass by weighing or by using standard masses the influence of their position on the aircraft's cg shall be determined . e the operator shall establish the mass of the traffic load including any ballast by actual weighing or by determining the mass of the traffic load in accordance with standard passenger and baggage masses . f in addition to standard masses for passengers and checked baggage the operator can use standard masses for other load items if it demonstrates to the competent authority that these items have the same mass or that their masses are within specified tolerances . g the operator shall determine the mass of the fuel load by using the actual density or if not known the density calculated in accordance with a method specified in the operations manual . h the operator shall ensure that the loading of . 1 its aircraft is performed under the supervision of qualified personnel and. 2 traffic load is consistent with the data used for the calculation of the aircraft mass and balance . i the operator shall comply with additional structural limits such as the floor strength limitations the maximum load per running metre the maximum mass per cargo compartment and the maximum seating limit for helicopters in addition the operator shall take account of in flight changes in loading . j the operator shall specify in the operations manual the principles and methods involved in the loading and in the mass and balance system that meet the requirements contained in a to i this system shall cover all types of intended operations exemple 191 At intervals of 4 years if no modifications have taken place.At intervals of 4 years if no modifications have taken place.

At the maximum landing mass the range of safe cg positions as determined from ?

Question 83-4 : Forward limit 7 4% mac aft limit 27 0% mac forward limit 8 0% mac aft limit 27 2% mac forward limit 8 6% mac aft limit 27 0% mac forward limit 8 0% mac aft limit 26 8% mac

Img146 exemple 195 Forward limit 7.4% mac aft limit 27.0% mac.Forward limit 7.4% mac aft limit 27.0% mac.

At a given mass the cg position is at 15% mac if the leading edge of mac is at ?

Question 83-5 : 645 78 inches aft of datum 605 43 inches aft of datum 20 18 inches aft of datum 228 34 inches aft of datum

The mac lenght is 134 5 inches and the cg is at 15% of this distance back from the leading edge .15% of 134 5 inches is 20 175 inches .if the leading edge of the mac is at 625 6 inches aft of the datum the cg will be at 625 6 + 20 175 = 645 775 inches aft of the datum exemple 199 645.78 inches aft of datum.645.78 inches aft of datum.

The aeroplane has a take off mass of 58 000 kg at this mass the range of safe ?

Question 83-6 : Forward limit 8 0% mac aft limit 26 5% mac forward limit 8 5% mac aft limit 26 1% mac forward limit 8 2% mac aft limit 26 2% mac forward limit 9 5% mac aft limit 26 1% mac

Img147 exemple 203 Forward limit 8.0% mac aft limit 26.5% mac.Forward limit 8.0% mac aft limit 26.5% mac.

When preparing to carry out the weighing procedure on an aircraft which of the ?

Question 83-7 : Drain all engine tank oil drain all useable fuel drain all chemical toilet fluid tanks removable passenger services equipment to be off loaded

Basic empty mass is the mass of an aeroplane plus standard items such as . unusable fuel and other unusable fluids. lubricating oil in engine and auxiliary units. fire extinguishers. pyrotechnics. emergency oxygen equipment. supplementary electronic equipment .engine oil is included in the basic empty mass exemple 207 Drain all engine tank oil.Drain all engine tank oil.

An aircraft is weighed prior to entry into service .who is responsible for ?

Question 83-8 : The operator the appropriate aviation authority the aircraft manufacturer or supplier the commander of the aircraft

The operator is responsible for deriving the dry operational mass from the weighed mass by the addition of the 'operational items' prior the aircraft enter into service exemple 211 The operator.The operator.

An aircraft may be weighed ?

Question 83-9 : In an enclosed non air conditioned hangar in a quiet parking area clear of the normal manoeuvring area in an area of the airfield set aside for maintenance at a specified 'weighing location' on the airfield

Weighing procedures normal precautions consistent with good practices in the weighing procedures such as checking for completeness of the aircraft and equipment determining that fluids are properly accounted for and the weighing is accomplished in an enclosed building preventing the effect of the wind should be provided exemple 215 In an enclosed, non-air conditioned, hangar.In an enclosed, non-air conditioned, hangar.

A aeroplane has a landing mass of 53000kg the range of safe cg positions as ?

Question 83-10 : Forward limit 7 8% mac aft limit 27 0% mac forward limit 8 2% mac aft limit 27 0% mac forward limit 7 3% mac aft limit 26 8% mac forward limit 8 7% mac aft limit 26 8% mac

Img172 exemple 219 Forward limit 7.8% mac aft limit 27.0% mac.Forward limit 7.8% mac aft limit 27.0% mac.

The aeroplane has a mass of 61 000 kg in the cruise the range of safe cg ?

Question 83-11 : Forward limit 8 3% aft limit 26 3% mac forward limit 7 7% aft limit 25 2% mac forward limit 7 6% aft limit 26 9% mac forward limit 8 0% aft limit 27 2% mac

Img148 exemple 223 Forward limit 8.3% aft limit 26.3% mac.Forward limit 8.3% aft limit 26.3% mac.

An aeroplane must be re weighed at certain intervals where an operator uses ?

Question 83-12 : 9 years for each aeroplane 4 years for each aeroplane whenever the certificate of airworthiness is renewed whenever a major modification is carried out

Easa air ops.regulation eu no 965/2012.cat pol mab 100 mass and balance loading. a during any phase of operation the loading mass and centre of gravity cg of the aircraft shall comply with the limitations specified in the afm or the operations manual if more restrictive . b the operator shall establish the mass and the cg of any aircraft by actual weighing prior to initial entry into service and thereafter at intervals of four years if individual aircraft masses are used or nine years if fleet masses are used the accumulated effects of modifications and repairs on the mass and balance shall be accounted for and properly documented aircraft shall be reweighed if the effect of modifications on the mass and balance is not accurately known . c the weighing shall be accomplished by the manufacturer of the aircraft or by an approved maintenance organisation exemple 227 9 years for each aeroplane.9 years for each aeroplane.

A flight benefits from a strong tail wind which was not forecast on arrival at ?

Question 83-13 : The landing distance required will be longer the approach path will be steeper and threshold speed higher the landing distance will be unaffected the approach path will be steeper

The strong tail wind helps carry the aircraft so less fuel is used with no delays on arrival and with a straight in approach less time spent on the approach procedure the plane will land with more fuel on board than expected .approach and landing speeds are increased the landing distance required is longer exemple 231 The landing distance required will be longer.The landing distance required will be longer.

The centre of gravity of an aeroplane is at 25% of the mean aerodynamic chord ?

Question 83-14 : The mean aerodynamic chord in relation to the leading edge the mean aerodynamic chord in relation to the trailing edge the mean aerodynamic chord in relation to the datum the aeroplane in relation to the leading edge

Longitudinal cg location is normally expressed as a percentage of the mean aerodynamic chord mac from its leading edge exemple 235 The mean aerodynamic chord in relation to the leading edge.The mean aerodynamic chord in relation to the leading edge.

To measure the mass and cg position of an aircraft it should be weighed with a ?

Question 83-15 : 3 points of support 2 points of support 1 point of support 4 points of support

exemple 239 3 points of support.3 points of support.

An aeroplane has a mean aerodynamic chord mac of 134 5 inches .the leading edge ?

Question 83-16 : 18 10% 85 50% 75 60% 10 50%

Leading edge mac is at 625 6 inches aft of the datum .the centre of gravity is at 650 inches aft of the datum 650 625 6 = 24 4 inches from leading edge mac . 24 4 / 134 5 x 100 = 18 10 %

The empty mass of an aircraft is recorded in ?

Question 83-17 : The weighing schedule and is amended to take account of changes due to modifications of the aircraft the loading manifest it differs from dry operating mass by the value of the 'useful load' the weighing schedule if changes occur due to modifications the aircraft must be re weighed always the loading manifest it differs from the zero fuel mass by the value of the 'traffic load'

The empty mass of an aircraft is recorded in the weighing schedule and is amended to take account of changes due to modifications of the aircraft .normally the aircraft is weighed . before entering in service. every 4 years for individual aircraft. every 9 years for fleet masses. every time a modification takes place equipment installed or uninstalled .as the weighing procedure is long and complex the operator is allowed to adjust the empty mass of an aircraft on the weighing schedule between to weighing procedure exemple 247 The weighing schedule and is amended to take account of changes due to modifications of the aircraft.The weighing schedule and is amended to take account of changes due to modifications of the aircraft.

The maximum quantity of fuel that can be loaded into an aircraft's tanks is ?

Question 83-18 : 1196 kg 1437 kg 2302 kg 1916 kg

1 ug gallons = 3 7854 litres .400 usg x 3 7854 = 1514 litres .1514 x 0 79 = 1196 kg exemple 251 1196 kg.1196 kg.

The maximum quantity of fuel that can be loaded into an aircraft's tanks is ?

Question 83-19 : 1738 kg 2785 kg 2098 kg 1798 kg

2200 x 0 79 = 1738 kg exemple 255 1738 kg.1738 kg.

The basic empty mass is 4960 kg the dry operating mass is 5220 kg and the zero ?

Question 83-20 : 2410 kg 2670 kg 1590 kg 820 kg

Useful load = maximum take off mass dry operating mass.useful load = 7630 kg 5220 kg = 2410 kg exemple 259 2410 kg.2410 kg.

The basic empty mass is 4800 kg the dry operating mass is 5050 kg and the zero ?

Question 83-21 : 2960 kg 3210 kg 1800 kg 1160 kg

Useful load = the mass of the aircraft including everything and everyone contained within it at the commencement of take off the total mass of an aircraft ready for a specific type of operation excluding all usable fuel and traffic load .useful load = take off mass dry operating mass.useful load = 8010 kg 5050 kg = 2960 kg exemple 263 2960 kg.2960 kg.

Longitudinal cg location is normally expressed ?

Question 83-22 : As a percentage of the mac from its leading edge as a percentage of the mac from its trailing edge with respect to the neutral point with respect to the centre of pressure

exemple 267 As a percentage of the mac from its leading edge.As a percentage of the mac from its leading edge.

Given .basic empty mass bem 1 200 kg.balance arm of bem 3 0 m.centre of ?

Question 83-23 : 22 % of mac 29 % of mac 34 % of mac 17 % of mac

Com en/annexe php annexe=com031 226 jpg.basic mass cg was at 25% of the mean aerodynamic chord mac with an arm of 3 m . .the length of mac is 2m so the cg is at 0 5 m from leading edge mac ..take off mass cg = moment/mass = 4300 / 1460 = 2 945 m.with a cg located at 2 945 m for take off it is at 0 445 m from the leading edge mac .0 445/2 x 100 = 22 25% mac .hwoarangitf .please how do you found the '0 445'm from the leading edge mac thank you . .at basic mass the cg is at 25% of the mac for a chord length of 2m and 3m aft of the datum 25% of 2m is 50 cm thus the leading edge of the mac is at 2 5m aft of datum .cg location at take off will be at 2 945 2 5m = 0 445m aft of leading edge of the mac .com en/annexe php annexe=com031 226b jpg exemple 271 22 % of mac.22 % of mac.

Given the following data .distance from datum to centre of gravity 12 53 ?

Question 83-24 : 36 3% mac 47 0% mac 63 4% mac 23 1% mac

Position of the cg on the mac = distance from datum to centre of gravity distance from datum to leading edge.position of the cg on the mac = 12 53 9 63 = 2 9 m .8 m is the lenght of the mac and center of gravity is located on the mac at 2 9 m .8 m is 100% of the length 2 9m is at .2 9 x 100 / 8 = 36 25 % exemple 275 36.3% mac.36.3% mac.

At reference to determine the dry operating index doi for a dom of 35000kg and ?

Question 83-25 : Doi 40 doi 35 doi 45 doi 50

Img169 exemple 279 Doi 40.Doi 40.

Which of the following combinations of compartment centroid and maximum load is ?

Question 83-26 : 835 5 in and 3062 kg 421 5 in and 3087 kg 835 5 in and 4187 kg 421 5 in and 2059 lb

Img171.take care we are talking in inches and in kilograms exemple 283 835.5 in and 3062 kg.835.5 in and 3062 kg.

Given the following data calculate the cg as a %mac mean aerodynamic cord when ?

Question 83-27 : 27 5% 25% 29 25% 30 5%

Admin .mass x arm = moment.460000 n x 15 4 m = 7084000 nm.12000 n of last minute cargo is added to a hold 10 m from the datum .12000 n x 10 m = 120000 nm.new mass is 472000 n.new moment is 7204000 nm.cg position is now 7204000 / 472000 = 15 26 m.in percentage of mean aerodynamic chord it is .lemac is at 14 m therefore cg is 1 26m from lemac.1 26 / 4 6 x 100 = 27 5% mac exemple 287 27.5%.27.5%.

What are the standard masses used for crew ?

Question 83-28 : 85 kg for flight crew 75 kg cabin crew including hand baggage 85 kg for flight crew 75 kg cabin crew not including hand baggage 88 kg for flight crew 76 kg cabin crew not including baggage 88 kg for flight crew 76 kg cabin crew including baggage

Eu ops 1 615 mass values for crew. a an operator shall use the following mass values to determine the dry operating mass .1 actual masses including any crew baggage or.2 standard masses including hand baggage of 85 kg for flight crew members and 75 kg for cabin crew members or.3 other standard masses acceptable to the authority .b an operator must correct the dry operating mass to account for any additional baggage the position of this additional baggage must be accounted for when establishing the centre of gravity of the aeroplane exemple 291 85 kg for flight crew, 75 kg cabin crew, including hand baggage.85 kg for flight crew, 75 kg cabin crew, including hand baggage.

For the medium range twin jet the datum point is located . 235 ?

Question 83-29 : 540 inches forward of the front spar 540 cm forward of the front spar on the nose of the aeroplane at the leading edge of the mean aerodynamic chord mac

In bottom of the appendix you can read .' 2 1 datum point 540inches forward of front spar fs ' exemple 295 540 inches forward of the front spar.540 inches forward of the front spar.

The chemical fluids used to charge the aircraft toilets are counted as ?

Question 83-30 : Part of the variable load part of the payload part of the basic empty mass part of the under load

exemple 299 Part of the variable load.Part of the variable load.

For this question use annex ecqb 031 054 v2015 01 .calculate the basic empty ?

Question 83-31 : 968 4 kg and 179 7 cm 968 4 kg and 1707000 n cm 9500 kg and 1707000 n cm 9500 kg and 179 7 cm

Ecqb03 july 2016. .sorry we haven't yet recovered the annex we get only the question and the correct answer this is nice isn't it exemple 303 968.4 kg and 179.7 cm968.4 kg and 179.7 cm

For this question use annex ecqb 031 057 v2015 05 .using the loading manifest ?

Question 83-32 : 3210 lbs 3292 lbs 4460 lbs 3410 lbs

Ecqb03 july 2016. .3735 lb 15 lb 390 120 = 3210 lbs exemple 307 3210 lbs.3210 lbs.

The bem of an aircraft is the basic empty weight of an aircraft without crew ?

Question 83-33 : Weighing schedule at the last date of weighing aircraft manual and includes unusable fuel and liquids in closed systems loading manual and includes unusable fuel operations manual and includes engine oil

exemple 311 Weighing schedule at the last date of weighing.Weighing schedule at the last date of weighing.

The mass of an aircraft is 2000 kg and 400 kg of freight is added to a hold 2 m ?

Question 83-34 : 0 33 m aft 0 4 m forward 0 4 m aft 0 33 m forward

Change of cg = mass added x distance from hold to cg / new total mass.change of cg = 400 x 2 / 2000 + 400 = 0 33 m .we add cargo aft thus the cg will move aft exemple 315 0.33 m aft.0.33 m aft.

Once the mass and balance documentation has been signed prior to flight ?

Question 83-35 : Acceptable last minute change to the load must be documented small load changes are allowed without recalculation no load alterations are allowed acceptable last minute change to the load may be documented

See easa air ops regulation no 965/2012 .cat pol mab 105 mass and balance data and documentation exemple 319 Acceptable last minute change to the load must be documented.Acceptable last minute change to the load must be documented.

Using the loadsheet on the annex determine the underload and the difference ?

Question 83-36 : 3770 kg and the difference is 7170 kg 3670 kg and the difference is 3770 kg 3770 kg and the difference is 3770 kg 4770 kg and the difference is 7170 kg

Underload = allowed tl total tl.underload = 15000 kg 11230 kg = 3770 kg .difference mtom and actual tom .actual tom = om + tl.actual tom = 44400 kg + 11230 kg = 55630 kg .difference = mtom actual tom.difference = 62800 kg 55630 kg = 7170 kg exemple 323 3770 kg and the difference is 7170 kg.3770 kg and the difference is 7170 kg.

A location in the aircraft which is identified by a number designating its ?

Question 83-37 : Station moment mac index

Station is a location in the aircraft which is identified by a number designating its distance from the datum exemple 327 Station.Station.

The centre of gravity of a body is that point ?

Question 83-38 : Through which the sum of the forces of all masses of the body is considered to act where the sum of the external forces is equal to zero which is always used as datum when computing moments where the sum of the moments from the external forces acting on the body is equal to zero

exemple 331 Through which the sum of the forces of all masses of the body is considered to act.Through which the sum of the forces of all masses of the body is considered to act.

Assuming gross mass altitude and airspeed remain unchanged movement of the ?

Question 83-39 : Increased cruise range higher stall speed lower optimum cruising speed reduced maximum cruise range

With a forward cg the aircraft is 'nose heavy' he has a nose down moment thus the downforce on the tail on a steady flight must increase .the total aircraft weight increases and therefore more weight = more drag = more power = reduced maximum cruise range .with an aft cg downforce on the tail on a steady flight is decreased .less weight = less drag = less power = increased cruise range exemple 335 Increased cruise range.Increased cruise range.

Moment balance arms are measured from a specific point to the body station at ?

Question 83-40 : The datum the focal point the axis the centre of gravity of the aircraft

The datum is an imaginary vertical line chosen on the longitudinal axis of the aircraft specified by the designer from which all horizontal cg measurements are made . 159.in most cases the datum is located in the vicinity of the aircraft nose usually the firewall exemple 339 The datum.The datum.

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